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1.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 30(5): 515-519, Sept.-Oct. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-769904

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The conventional aortic valve replacement is the treatment of choice for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis. Transcatheter technique is a viable alternative with promising results for inoperable patients. Sutureless bioprostheses have shown benefits in high-risk patients, such as reduction of aortic clamping and cardiopulmonary bypass, decreasing risks and adverse effects. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to experimentally evaluate the implantation of a novel balloon-expandable aortic valve with sutureless bioprosthesis in sheep and report the early clinical application. METHODS: The bioprosthesis is made of a metal frame and bovine pericardium leaflets, encapsulated in a catheter. The animals underwent left thoracotomy and the cardiopulmonary bypass was established. The sutureless bioprosthesis was deployed to the aortic valve, with 1/3 of the structure on the left ventricular face. Cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic clamping and deployment times were recorded. Echocardiograms were performed before, during and after the surgery. The bioprosthesis was initially implanted in an 85 year-old patient with aortic stenosis and high risk for conventional surgery, EuroSCORE 40 and multiple comorbidities. RESULTS: The sutureless bioprosthesis was rapidly deployed (50-170 seconds; average=95 seconds). The aortic clamping time ranged from 6-10 minutes, average of 7 minutes; the mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 71 minutes. Bioprostheses were properly positioned without perivalvar leak. In the first operated patient the aortic clamp time was 39 minutes and the patient had good postoperative course. CONCLUSION: The deployment of the sutureless bioprosthesis was safe and effective, thereby representing a new alternative to conventional surgery or transcatheter in moderate- to high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Discharge/statistics & numerical data , State Medicine , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay , Organizational Objectives , Quality Improvement , United Kingdom
2.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 28(2): 217-223, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-682432

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: A insuficiência cardíaca é uma das causas mais comuns de internação. Dispositivos para assistência circulatória crônica foram testados e, em sua maioria, são de alta complexidade. O objetivo deste estudo é a descrição de uma endoprótese contrátil com capacidade de pulsação crônica no interior da aorta descendente, de maneira semelhante à produzida pelo balão intra-aórtico. MÉTODOS: Endopróteses pulsáteis compostas de níquel-titânio foram posicionadas de forma a envolver tubos de látex, simulando a aorta. Diferentes correntes elétricas foram aplicadas a unidades ligadas em série, de modo a causar contração da estrutura e deslocamento de uma coluna líquida. Foram realizadas duas sequências de testes: a primeira com duas gaiolas metálicas e a segunda com cinco gaiolas. Na primeira sequência de testes, aplicou-se tensão de 16,3 volts e corrente de 5 amperes e, na segunda sequência, tensão de 15 volts e corrente de 7 amperes. RESULTADOS: Na primeira sequência de testes, obteve-se o efeito pulsátil dos 2 stents, havendo contração do tubo e deslocamento da coluna d'água suficientes para validar o efeito pulsátil da endoprótese. As duas estruturas ejetaram um volume de 2,6 mL por ciclo, com uma variação de 29 mm na altura da coluna de água, equivalente a 8% de contração durante a pulsação. Na segunda sequência, conseguiu-se uma variação de 7,4 mL por ciclo. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos comprovam a contratilidade da endoprótese pulsátil ativada pela aplicação de corrente elétrica. Continuidade do estudo e aperfeiçoamento do material se fazem necessários para obtenção de modelo mais eficiente do ponto de vista energético e com maior pulsação, para permitir volumes de ejeção comparáveis aos de balões intra-aórticos.


OBJECTIVE: Heart failure is currently one of the most common hospitalization causes. Several chronic circulatory assist devices have been tested and are highly complex. The objective is the description of a pulsatile endoprosthesis capable of applying a chronic pulse within the descending aorta, similar to that produced by intra-aortic balloon. METHODS: Pulsatile stents composed of nickel-titanium were built and positioned to engage latex tubes simulating the aorta. Different electric currents were applied to units connected in series in order to cause structure contraction and displacement of a liquid column. There were two sequence tests: first composed of two metallic cages and the second composed of five cages. At first sequence tests was applied a voltage of 16.3 volts and a current of 5 amperes. In the second, voltage of 15 volts and current of 07 amperes. RESULTS: In the first sequence was obtained the pulsatile effect of stent, with contraction of the tube and displacement of the water column sufficient to validate the pulsating effect of the endoprosthesis. The two structures ejected a volume of 2.6 ml per cycle, with a range of 29 mm in height of the column of water equivalent to 8% shrinkage during the pulse. In the second sequence, it reachead a variation of 7.4 mL per cycle. CONCLUSION: The results obtained confirm the stent pulsatile contractility activated by electrical current. The continuity of the study and material improvement are necessary to obtain more efficient model from the point of view of energy and pulse, to allow ejection volumes comparable with the intra-aortic balloons.


Subject(s)
Humans , Heart-Assist Devices , Heart Failure/therapy , Pulsatile Flow , Prosthesis Design/methods , Stents , Aorta , Heart Ventricles , Medical Illustration , Nickel/therapeutic use , Reproducibility of Results , Titanium/therapeutic use
3.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 25(3): 293-302, jul.-set. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-564994

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: A troca valvar aórtica é procedimento rotineiro com risco aceitável. Em alguns casos, a mortalidade é elevada, levando à contraindicação do procedimento, apesar dos sintomas. O implante minimamente invasivo transcateter de valva aórtica parece ser uma alternativa, reduzindo a morbi-mortalidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi o desenvolvimento e implante de nova prótese para implante transcateter. MÉTODOS: Após desenvolvimento em animais, uma prótese transcateter, balão-expansível foi utilizada em 14 casos de alto risco. O EuroSCORE médio foi de 43,7 por cento. Quatro pacientes apresentavam disfunção de biopróteses e o restante, estenose aórtica calcificada. Todos os pacientes eram sintomáticos. Os procedimentos foram realizados em ambiente cirúrgico híbrido, sob controle ecocardiográfico e fluoroscópico. Com o uso de minitoracotomia esquerda, as próteses foram implantadas através do ápice ventricular, sob estimulação ventricular de alta frequência ou choque hemorrágico controlado, após valvoplastia aórtica. Foram realizados controles clínicos e ecocardiográficos seriados. RESULTADOS: A correta liberação da prótese foi possível em 13 casos. Uma conversão ocorreu. Não houve mortalidade operatória. O gradiente de pico médio pós-implante foi de 25 mmHg. A fração de ejeção apresentou aumento significativo após o 7º pós-operatório. Insuficiência aórtica residual não significativa esteve presente em 71 por cento dos casos, nenhuma significativa. Não ocorreu complicação vascular periférica. Não houve necessidade de marcapasso definitivo. Um caso de acidente vascular cerebral ocorreu. A mortalidade geral foi de 42 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: O implante transapical de valva aórtica transcateter é um procedimento possível com esta nova prótese. O comportamento hemodinâmico foi satisfatório. São necessários estudos de longo prazo e com maior poder amostral, no intuito de determinar a real eficácia e indicação do procedimento alternativo.


OBJECTIVE: The aortic valve replacement is a routine procedure with acceptable risk, but in some cases, such a risk can justify contraindication. The minimally invasive transcatheter aortic valve implantation has been viable, with lower morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to develop a national catheter-mounted aortic bioprosthesis for the aortic position implant. METHODS: After animal studies, 14 patients with high EuroSCORE underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Median Logistic EuroSCORE was 43.7 percent. Four patients presented with dysfunctional bioprosthesis, remaining ones presented calcified aortic stenosis. All patients presented symptoms. Procedures were performed in a hybrid OR under fluoroscopic and echocardiography guidance. Using a left minithoracotomy the prosthesis was implanted through the ventricular apex under ventricular pacing or hemorrhagic shock, after aortic valvoplasty. Echocardiograph and angiograph controls were performed, and the patients were referred to ICU. RESULTS: Implant was feasible in 13 cases. There were no intra-operative deaths. Median peak transvalvular aortic gradient reduced to 25.0 mmHg, and left ventricular function improved in the first seven post-operative days. Paravalvular aortic regurgitation was mild and present in 71 percent. No definitive pacemaker was needed. There was no peripheral vascular complication. Overall mortality was 42 percent. CONCLUSION: The transapical implantation of cathetermounted bioprosthesis was a feasible procedure. Long term follow-up is mandatory in order to access efficacy and indications.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Thoracotomy/methods , Aortography , Cardiac Catheterization/methods , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/mortality , Treatment Outcome
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